Chapter 2 Chapter 2 talks in great length about shifting our thinking about grading. A new grading paradigm is needed if grading practices are going to change. “The new standards-based paradigm is really a philosophy that redefines learning. Learning is defined by the standards--not by what students know, but by what they can do with what they know. Evidence of learning is not repeating information but demonstrating the action of the standard.” Question #2 Think about your current practice. Do you ask students to show what they know or show what they can do with what they know? How can you change a “know” task into a “what they can do” task? How does your feedback to students differ between the two types of tasks?